Association of Obstructive Sleep Apnea with Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with COVID-19 infection. Less clear is whether obstructive sleep apnea is a risk factor for the development of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Cross-sectional survey of a general population of 24,803 U.S. adults to determine the association of obstructive sleep apnea with PASC. COVID-19 infection occurred in 10,324 (41.6%) participants. Prevalence of persistent (> 3 months post infection) putative PASC-related physical and mental health symptoms ranged from 6.5% (peripheral edema) to 19.6% (nervous/anxious). In logistic regression models, obstructive sleep apnea was associated with all putative PASC-related symptoms with the highest adjusted odds ratios (aOR) being fever (2.053) and nervous/anxious (1.939). In 4 logistic regression models of overall PASC derived from elastic net regression, obstructive sleep apnea was associated with PASC (range of aORs: 1.934-2.071); this association was mitigated in those with treated obstructive sleep apnea. In the best fitting overall model requiring ≥3 symptoms, PASC prevalence was 21.9%. In a general population sample, obstructive sleep apnea is associated with the development of PASC-related symptoms and a global definition of PASC. Treated obstructive sleep apnea mitigates the latter risk. The presence of 3 or more PASC symptoms may be useful in identifying cases and for future research.