Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/25916
Title: Effects of Chewing Gum on Nitric Oxide Metabolism, Markers of Cardiovascular Health and Neurocognitive Performance after a Nitrate-Rich Meal.
Austin Authors: Ong, Sharon;Bondonno, Nicola P;Downey, Luke A;Scholey, Andrew;Smith, Michael A;Stough, Con;Blekkenhorst, Lauren C;Woodman, Richard;Croft, Kevin D;Hodgson, Jonathan M;Bondonno, Catherine P
Affiliation: Flinders Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
Department of Psychology, University of Northumbria, Newcastle, UK
Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
Institute for Breathing and Sleep
Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
Medical School, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
School of Biomedical Sciences, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
Issue Date: Feb-2022
Date: 2021-02-18
Publication information: Journal of the American Nutrition Association 2022; 41(2): 178-190
Abstract: Cardiovascular and neurocognitive responses to chewing gum have been reported, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Chewing gum after a nitrate-rich meal may upregulate the reduction of oral nitrate to nitrite and increase nitric oxide (NO), a molecule important to cardiovascular and neurocognitive health. We aimed to explore effects of chewing gum after a nitrate-rich meal on nitrate metabolism (through the enterosalivary nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway), endothelial function, blood pressure (BP), neurocognitive performance, mood and anxiety. Twenty healthy men (n = 6) and women (n = 14) with a mean age of 48 years (range: 23-69) were recruited to a randomized controlled cross-over trial. After consumption of a nitrate-rich meal (180 mg of nitrate), we assessed the acute effects of chewing gum, compared to no gum chewing, on (i) salivary nitrate, nitrite and the nitrate reductase ratio (100 x [nitrite]/([nitrate] + [nitrite]); (ii) plasma nitrite, S-nitrosothiols and other nitroso species (RXNO); (iii) endothelial function (measured by flow mediated dilatation); (iv) BP; (v) neurocognitive performance; (vi) mood; and (vii) anxiety. Consumption of the nitrate-rich meal resulted in a significant increase in markers of nitrate metabolism. A significantly higher peak flow mediated dilatation was observed with chewing compared to no chewing (baseline adjusted mean difference: 1.10%, 95% CI: 0.06, 2.14; p = 0.038) after the nitrate-rich meal. A significant small increase in systolic BP, diastolic BP and heart rate were observed with chewing compared to no chewing after the nitrate-rich meal. The study did not observe increased oral reduction of nitrate to nitrite and NO, or improvements in neurocognitive performance, mood or anxiety with chewing compared to no chewing. Chewing gum after a nitrate-rich meal resulted in an acute improvement in endothelial function and a small increase in BP but did not result in acute effects on neurocognitive function, mood or anxiety.
URI: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/25916
DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1869119
ORCID: 0000-0001-5905-444X
0000-0001-5670-3192
0000-0003-4484-5462
0000-0001-5107-6441
0000-0002-3628-3220
0000-0003-1561-9052
0000-0003-1596-4913
0000-0001-6184-7764
0000-0001-8509-439X
Journal: Journal of the American College of Nutrition
PubMed URL: 33600287
Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Chewing
blood pressure
cognition
endothelial function
gum
nitrate
nitric oxide
nitrite
Appears in Collections:Journal articles

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