Invisible cortex sign: A highly accurate feature to localize the inferolateral central sulcus.

Abstract

The central sulcus is a key landmark on MRI of the brain, but its inferolateral portion is difficult to identify if unable to trace the sulcus superoinferiorly. The authors observed that the cortex abutting the central sulcus appears isointense to the adjacent white matter on DWI, we named this the 'invisible cortex sign' and our study evaluates whether it could be used to identify the inferolateral central sulcus. Observational study of 108 consecutive 'normal' MRI studies performed from May 2016 to January 2017. A single axial DWI image - obtained in the anterior commissure-posterior commissure plane - was selected from each scan just above the subcentral gyrus such that it included the most inferolateral portion of the central sulcus. These single images were given to 10 readers (neuroradiologists, a neuroradiology fellow and radiology trainees) who marked the central sulcus based on the presence of the 'invisible cortex sign'. Their accuracy in identifying the central sulcus was compared with that of the principal investigators, who used tri-planar T1 volumetric MRI sequences. One hundred and eight consecutive patients (55 female, 53 male) were selected, ranging from 18 to 81 years old (mean = 40.5, σ = 18.2). The central sulcus was correctly identified in 95.5% of cases (σ = 3.7%; range 89.4-99.1%). The 'invisible cortex sign' is a highly accurate method of identifying the inferolateral central sulcus on a single axial DWI slice without relying on the more superior aspects of the sulcus.