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Title: | A low-sodium diet potentiates the effects of losartan in type 2 diabetes. | Austin Authors: | Houlihan, Christine A ;Allen, Terri J;Baxter, Amynta L;Panangiotopoulos, Sianna;Casley, David J;Cooper, Mark E;Jerums, George | Affiliation: | Endocrine Unit and Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin, Australia | Issue Date: | 1-Apr-2002 | Publication information: | Diabetes Care; 25(4): 663-71 | Abstract: | Diabetic subjects have a high prevalence of hypertension, increased total body exchangeable sodium levels, and an impaired ability to excrete a sodium load. This study assessed the effect of dietary sodium restriction on the efficacy of losartan in hypertensive subjects with type 2 diabetes and albumin excretion rates of 10-200 microg/min.In this study, 20 subjects were randomized to losartan 50 mg/day (n = 10) or placebo (n = 10). Drug therapy was given in two 4-week phases separated by a washout period. In the last 2 weeks of each phase, patients were assigned to low- or regular-sodium diets, in random order. In each phase, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR), and renal hemodynamics were measured.Achieved urinary sodium on a low-sodium diet was 85 +/- 14 and 80 +/- 22 mmol/day in the losartan and placebo groups, respectively. In the losartan group, the additional blood pressure-lowering effects of a low-sodium diet compared with a regular-sodium diet for 24-h systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressures were 9.7 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-17.2; P = 0.002), 5.5 mmHg (2.6-8.4; P = 0.002), and 7.3 mmHg (3.3- 11.3; P = 0.003), respectively. In the losartan group, the ACR decreased significantly on a low-sodium diet versus on a regular-sodium diet (-29% [CI -50.0 to -8.5%] vs. + 14% [-19.4 to 47.9%], respectively; P = 0.02). There was a strong correlation between fall in blood pressure and percent reduction in the ACR (r = 0.7, P = 0.02). In the placebo group, there were no significant changes in blood pressure or ACR between regular- and low-sodium diets. There were no significant changes in renal hemodynamics in either group.These data demonstrated that a low-sodium diet potentiates the antihypertensive and antiproteinuric effects of losartan in type 2 diabetes. The blood pressure reduction resulting from the addition of a low-sodium diet to losartan was of similar magnitude to that predicted from the addition of a second antihypertensive agent. | Gov't Doc #: | 11919122 | URI: | https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/9394 | Journal: | Diabetes Care | URL: | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11919122 | Type: | Journal Article | Subjects: | Albuminuria Aldosterone.blood Angiotensin II.metabolism Antihypertensive Agents.diagnostic use Blood Glucose.metabolism Blood Pressure.drug effects Creatinine.blood Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2.drug therapy.physiopathology Diet, Sodium-Restricted Drug Synergism Female Hemodynamics.drug effects.physiology Humans Losartan.therapeutic use Male Middle Aged Placebos Renal Circulation.drug effects.physiology Renin.blood Sodium.urine |
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