The Need for Individualized Risk Assessment in Cardiovascular Disease.

2022-07-14

Lim, Hui Yin

Burrell, Louise M

Brook, Rowena

Nandurkar, Harshal H

Donnan, Geoffrey A

Ho, Prahlad

Virchow’s triad

cardiovascular disease

endothelial markers

global coagulation assays

risk assessment

Journal Article

0000-0003-2455-3155

0000-0003-1863-7539

0000-0001-6324-3403

10.3390/jpm12071140

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the era of modern medicine despite major advancements in this field. Current available clinical surrogate markers and blood tests do not adequately predict individual risk of cardiovascular disease. A more precise and sophisticated tool that can reliably predict the thrombosis and bleeding risks at an individual level is required in order for clinicians to confidently recommend early interventions with a favorable risk-benefit profile. Critical to the development of this tool is the assessment and understanding of Virchow's triad and its complex interactions between hypercoagulability, endothelial dysfunction and vessel flow, a fundamental concept to the development of thrombosis. This review explores the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease stemming from the triad of factors and how individualized risk assessment can be improved through the multimodal use of tools such as global coagulation assays, endothelial biomarkers and vessel flow assessment.

link

Journal of personalized medicine 2022; 12(7): 1140

Journal of personalized medicine

2075-4426