Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/17980
Title: The Influence of CO2 on Genioglossus Muscle After-Discharge Following Arousal From Sleep.
Austin Authors: Cori, Jennifer M ;Rochford, Peter D ;O'Donoghue, Fergal J ;Trinder, John;Jordan, Amy S 
Affiliation: Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Institute for Breathing and Sleep
Issue Date: Nov-2017
Publication information: Sleep 2017; 40(11): zsx160
Abstract: Ventilatory after-discharge (sustained elevation of ventilation following stimulus removal) occurs during sleep but not when hypocapnia is present. Genioglossus after-discharge also occurs during sleep, but CO2 effects have not been assessed. The relevance is that postarousal after-discharge may protect against upper airway collapse. This study aimed to determine whether arousal elicits genioglossus after-discharge that persists into sleep, and whether it is influenced by CO2. Twenty-four healthy individuals (6 female) slept with a nasal mask and ventilator. Sleep (EEG, EOG, EMG), ventilation (pneumotachograph), end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2), and intramuscular genioglossus EMG were monitored. NREM eucapnia was determined during 5 minutes on continuous positive airway pressure (4 cmH2O). Inspiratory pressure support was increased until PETCO2 was ≥2 mm Hg below NREM eucapnia. Supplemental CO2 was added to reproduce normocapnia, without changing ventilator settings. Arousals were induced by auditory tones and genioglossus EMG compared during steady-state hypocapnia and normocapnia. Eleven participants (4 female) provided data. Prearousal PETCO2 was less (p < .05) during hypocapnia (40.74 ± 2.37) than normocapnia (43.82 ± 2.89), with differences maintained postarousal. After-discharge, defined as an increase in genioglossus activity above prearousal levels, occurred following the return to sleep. For tonic activity, after-discharge lasted four breaths irrespective of CO2 condition. For peak activity, after-discharge lasted one breath during hypocapnia and 6 breaths during normocapnia. However, when peak activity following the return to sleep was compared between CO2 conditions no individual breath differences were observed. Postarousal genioglossal after-discharge may protect against upper airway collapse during sleep. Steady-state CO2 levels minimally influence postarousal genioglossus after-discharge.
URI: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/17980
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsx160
ORCID: 0000-0001-5099-3184
Journal: Sleep
PubMed URL: 29029284
Type: Journal Article
Subjects: OSA
OSA-pathogenesis
arousal
breathing control
carbon dioxide
hyperventilation
hypocapnia
normocapnia
pharyngeal muscles
respiratory physiology
upper airway
upper airway collapse
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