Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/13251
Title: Bone density at weight-bearing and nonweight-bearing sites in ballet dancers: the effects of exercise, hypogonadism, and body weight.
Austin Authors: Young, N;Formica, C;Szmukler, G;Seeman, Ego 
Affiliation: Department of Endocrinology, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
Issue Date: 1-Feb-1994
Publication information: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism; 78(2): 449-54
Abstract: Exercise is recommended as a means of preventing osteoporosis. When intensive, weight-bearing exercise is often associated with hypogonadism. As weight-bearing exercise is likely to be more beneficial at weight-bearing than nonweight-bearing sites, and hypogonadism is likely to be more detrimental to trabecular than cortical bone, we tested the hypothesis that exercise and hypogonadism result in differing regional effects: net benefits at weight-bearing, predominantly cortical sites, and net deficits at nonweight-bearing trabecular-rich sites. Bone density (grams per cm2), body fat, and fat-free mass (kilograms) were measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry in 44 ballet dancers, aged 17.0 +/- 0.2 yr (mean +/- SEM), 18 sedentary amenorrheic girls with anorexia nervosa, and 23 girls of comparable age with regular menstrual cycles. Bone density, expressed as a percentage above or below the mean in the girls with regular menstrual cycles, was normal or elevated at weight-bearing sites in dancers [femoral neck, 3.1 +/- 1.7% (P = NS); Wards triangle, 4.1 +/- 2.3% (P = NS); trochanter, 5.9 +/- 1.9% (P < 0.05)] and normal or reduced at these sites in girls with anorexia nervosa [-10.5 +/- 3.8% (P < 0.05), -7.8 +/- 4.3% (P = NS), and -8.7 +/- 4.0% (P < 0.05), respectively]. By contrast, deficits similar to those in girls with anorexia nervosa were found in dancers at nonweight-bearing sites [ribs, -5.7 +/- 0.8% (P < 0.01); arms, -4.6 +/- 1.1% (P < 0.01); skull, -5.9 +/- 1.3% (P < 0.01)] before, but not after, correcting for fat mass. Fat mass was 7.8 +/- 0.4 kg in dancers, similar to that in girls with anorexia nervosa (6.3 +/- 0.7 kg) and lower than that in girls with regular menstrual cycles (16.8 +/- 1.6 kg; P < 0.01). The net result of vigorous exercise, hypogonadism, and leanness in athletic amenorrhea may not be generalized osteoporosis. Weight-bearing exercise may offset the effects of hypogonadism at predominantly cortical weight-bearing sites, such as the proximal femur. Non-weight-bearing sites and weight-bearing sites containing substantial amounts of trabecular bone, such as the lumbar spine, may be adversely affected by hypogonadism while benefiting little from weight-bearing exercise. Deficits at nonweight-bearing sites may be attenuated by maintenance of body weight.
Gov't Doc #: 8106634
URI: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/13251
DOI: 10.1210/jcem.78.2.8106634
Journal: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8106634
Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon
Adolescent
Adult
Amenorrhea.physiopathology
Anorexia Nervosa.physiopathology
Body Composition
Body Weight.physiology
Bone Density.physiology
Bone and Bones.metabolism.physiology
Child
Dancing
Exercise.physiology
Female
Femur Neck.physiology
Humans
Hypogonadism.physiopathology
Linear Models
Menstrual Cycle.physiology
Minerals.metabolism
Weight-Bearing
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