Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/10737
Title: Efficacy of soap and water and alcohol-based hand-rub preparations against live H1N1 influenza virus on the hands of human volunteers.
Austin Authors: Grayson, M Lindsay ;Melvani, Sharmila;Druce, Julian;Barr, Ian G;Ballard, Susan A;Johnson, Paul D R ;Mastorakos, Tasoula;Birch, Christopher
Affiliation: Infectious Diseases
Issue Date: 1-Feb-2009
Publication information: Clinical Infectious Diseases; 48(3): 285-91
Abstract: Although pandemic and avian influenza are known to be transmitted via human hands, there are minimal data regarding the effectiveness of routine hand hygiene (HH) protocols against pandemic and avian influenza.Twenty vaccinated, antibody-positive health care workers had their hands contaminated with 1 mL of 10(7) tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)(50)/0.1 mL live human influenza A virus (H1N1; A/New Caledonia/20/99) before undertaking 1 of 5 HH protocols (no HH [control], soap and water hand washing [SW], or use of 1 of 3 alcohol-based hand rubs [61.5% ethanol gel, 70% ethanol plus 0.5% chlorhexidine solution, or 70% isopropanol plus 0.5% chlorhexidine solution]). H1N1 concentrations were assessed before and after each intervention by viral culture and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The natural viability of H1N1 on hands for >60 min without HH was also assessed.There was an immediate reduction in culture-detectable and PCR-detectable H1N1 after brief cutaneous air drying--14 of 20 health care workers had H1N1 detected by means of culture (mean reduction, 10(3-4) TCID(50)/0.1 mL), whereas 6 of 20 had no viable H1N1 recovered; all 20 health care workers had similar changes in PCR test results. Marked antiviral efficacy was noted for all 4 HH protocols, on the basis of culture results (14 of 14 had no culturable H1N1; (P< .002) and PCR results (P< .001; cycle threshold value range, 33.3-39.4), with SW statistically superior (P< .001) to all 3 alcohol-based hand rubs, although the actual difference was only 1-100 virus copies/microL. There was minimal reduction in H1N1 after 60 min without HH.HH with SW or alcohol-based hand rub is highly effective in reducing influenza A virus on human hands, although SW is the most effective intervention. Appropriate HH may be an important public health initiative to reduce pandemic and avian influenza transmission.
URI: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/10737
DOI: 10.1086/595845
ORCID: 
Journal: Clinical Infectious Diseases
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19115974
Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Alcohols.pharmacology
Chlorhexidine.pharmacology
Disinfectants.pharmacology
Disinfection.methods
Hand.virology
Hand Disinfection.methods
Human Experimentation
Humans
Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype.drug effects.isolation & purification
RNA, Viral.genetics
Soaps.pharmacology
Virus Cultivation
Appears in Collections:Journal articles

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