Recovery of Male Reproductive Function After Ceasing Prolonged Testosterone Undecanoate Injections.

Abstract

The time course of male reproductive hormone recovery after stopping injectable testosterone undecanoate (TU) treatment is not known. To investigate rate, extent, and determinants of reproductive hormone recovery over 12 months after stopping TU injections. Men (n=303) with glucose intolerance but without pathologic hypogonadism who completed a 2-year placebo(P)-controlled randomized clinical trial of TU treatment were recruited for a further 12 months while remaining blinded to treatment. Sex steroids (T, DHT, E2, E1) by LCMS, LH, FSH and SHBG by immunoassays and sexual function questionnaires (Psychosexual Diary Questionnaire (PDQ), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), SF-12) were measured at entry (three months after last injection) and 6, 12, 18, 24, 40 and 52 weeks later. In the nested cohort of TU-treated men, serum T was initially higher but declined to 12 weeks remaining stable thereafter with serum T and SHBG 11% and 13%, respectively, lower than P-treated men. Similarly, both questionnaires showed initial carryover higher scores in T-treated men, but after weeks 18 showed no difference between T and P treated men. Initially fully suppressed serum LH and FSH recovered slowly towards the participant's own pre-treatment baseline over 12 months since last injection. After stopping 2 years of 1000 mg injectable TU treatment, full reproductive hormone recovery is slow and progressive over 15 months since last testosterone injection but may take longer than 12 months to be complete. Persistent proportionate reduction in serum SHBG and T reflects lasting exogenous T effects on hepatic SHBG secretion rather than androgen deficiency.