Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/26054
Title: Radiation-Associated Lymphopenia and Outcomes of Patients with Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Treated with Radiotherapy.
Austin Authors: De, Brian;Ng, Sweet Ping ;Liu, Amy Y;Avila, Santiago;Tao, Randa;Holliday, Emma B;Brownlee, Zachary;Kaseb, Ahmed;Lee, Sunyoung;Raghav, Kanwal;Vauthey, Jean-Nicolas;Minsky, Bruce D;Herman, Joseph M;Das, Prajnan;Smith, Grace L;Taniguchi, Cullen M;Krishnan, Sunil;Crane, Christopher H;Grassberger, Clemens;Hong, Theodore S;Lin, Steven H;Koong, Albert C;Mohan, Radhe;Koay, Eugene J
Affiliation: Department of Radiation Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Jacksonville, FL, USA
Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Radiation Oncology
Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Issue Date: 3-Mar-2021
Date: 2021
Publication information: Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma 2021; 8: 57-69
Abstract: The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer surveillance. Previous studies have shown that lymphopenia associated with radiotherapy (RT) portends a poor prognosis. We sought to differentiate the effects of proton and photon RT on changes in absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients with HCC treated with definitive RT from 2006 to 2016 were studied. Serial ALCs were graded according to CTCAE v4.0. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival, and distant metastasis-free survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariable and multivariable Cox-proportional hazards analyses were used to identify predictors of OS. A cohort analysis matched for treatment volume was performed to investigate differences in ALC dynamics between photon and proton therapy. Of 143 patients identified, the median age was 66 (range, 19-90) years. The treatment modality was photon in 103 (72%) and proton in 40 (28%). Median follow-up was 17 months (95% confidence interval, 13-25 months). The median time to ALC nadir after initiation of RT was 17 days with a median relative decrease of 67%. Those who received proton RT had a higher median ALC nadir (0.41 vs 0.32 k/µL, p=0.002) and longer median OS (33 vs 13 months, p=0.002) than those who received photon RT. Matched cohort analyses revealed a larger low-dose liver volume in the photon group, which correlated with lower ALC. On multivariable Cox analysis, Grade 3 or higher lymphopenia prior to or after RT, portal venous tumor thrombus, larger planning target volumes, Child-Pugh (CP) Class B, and increased CP score after RT were associated with a higher risk of death, whereas the use of proton therapy was associated with lower risk. Grade 3 or higher lymphopenia may be associated with poorer outcomes in patients receiving RT for HCC. Protons may mitigate lymphopenia compared with photons, potentially due to reduced dose exposure of sites of lymphopoiesis.
URI: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/26054
DOI: 10.2147/JHC.S282062
ORCID: 0000-0003-3468-3359
0000-0003-3633-4304
0000-0001-7675-3461
Journal: Journal of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
PubMed URL: 33688489
ISSN: 2253-5969
Type: Journal Article
Subjects: circulating lymphocytes
liver dose
lymphocyte count
overall survival
splenic dose
Appears in Collections:Journal articles

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