Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/11735
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dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Douglas F-
dc.contributor.authorLeder, Karin-
dc.contributor.authorTorresi, Joseph-
dc.date.accessioned2015-05-16T01:21:40Z
dc.date.available2015-05-16T01:21:40Z
dc.date.issued2013-04-04-
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Travel Medicine 2013; 20(3): 194-202en_US
dc.identifier.otherPUBMEDen
dc.identifier.urihttps://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/11735en
dc.description.abstractHepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV) cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. With the rise in international travel over the last three decades, many travelers are at risk of HBV and HCV infection.This review focuses on the epidemiology of HBV and HCV in international travelers, the modes of transmission, and the prevention of infection in travelers.The risk of HBV and HCV infection varies widely and depends on the prevalence of the destination country, the duration of travel, and the activities undertaken while abroad. Travelers commonly undertake high-risk activities that place them at risk of both HBV and HCV infection. Poor uptake of preventative health measures and poor adherence to health recommendations are also common. The monthly incidence of HBV infection for long-term travelers to endemic countries ranges from 25 to 420 per 100,000 travelers. HBV infection can be prevented through timely vaccination of travelers. HBV vaccination is safe and efficacious with protective levels of antibodies achieved in >90% of recipients. Information regarding the risk of HCV acquisition is scarce and until recently was limited to case reports following medical interventions.This review demonstrates international travelers are at risk of HBV and HCV infection and provides evidence-based information enabling health practitioners to provide more appropriate pre-travel advice. HBV vaccination should be considered in all travelers to countries with a moderate to high HBV prevalence (HBsAg ≥ 2%) and the risk and benefits discussed with the individuals in consultation with the health practitioner. There is no duration of travel without risk of HBV infection. However, it is apparent that those travelers with a longer duration of travel are at greatest risk of HBV infection (ie, expatriates). Travelers should also receive advice regarding the modes of transmission and the activities that place them at risk of both HBV and HCV infection.en_US
dc.language.isoenen
dc.subject.otherDisease Transmission, Infectious.prevention & control.statistics & numerical dataen
dc.subject.otherGlobal Health.statistics & numerical dataen
dc.subject.otherHepatitis B.epidemiology.prevention & controlen
dc.subject.otherHepatitis B Vaccines.therapeutic useen
dc.subject.otherHepatitis C.epidemiologyen
dc.subject.otherHumansen
dc.subject.otherIncidenceen
dc.subject.otherInternationalityen
dc.subject.otherPatient Complianceen
dc.subject.otherPrevalenceen
dc.subject.otherPreventive Health Services.organization & administrationen
dc.subject.otherRisk Assessmenten
dc.subject.otherTravelen
dc.titleHepatitis B and C infection in international travelers.en_US
dc.typeJournal Articleen_US
dc.identifier.journaltitleJournal of Travel Medicineen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationUniversity of Melbourne, Victoria, Australiaen_US
dc.identifier.affiliationInfectious Diseasesen_US
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/jtm.12026en_US
dc.description.pages194-202en
dc.relation.urlhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23577866en
dc.type.contentTexten_US
dc.type.austinJournal Articleen
local.name.researcherTorresi, Joseph
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
item.fulltextNo Fulltext-
item.grantfulltextnone-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.openairetypeJournal Article-
crisitem.author.deptInfectious Diseases-
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