Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/11680
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dc.contributor.authorPatel, Sheila Ken
dc.contributor.authorVelkoska, Elenaen
dc.contributor.authorBurrell, Louise Men
dc.date.accessioned2015-05-16T01:17:52Z
dc.date.available2015-05-16T01:17:52Z
dc.date.issued2013-08-01en
dc.identifier.citationClinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology; 40(8): 551-9en
dc.identifier.govdoc23432153en
dc.identifier.otherPUBMEDen
dc.identifier.urihttps://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/11680en
dc.description.abstractThe renin-angiotensin system plays a major role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin (Ang) I into the vasoconstrictor AngII and was thought, until recently, to be the main effector of the system. The enzyme ACE2, discovered in 2000, can counterbalance the effects of ACE through degradation of AngII and generation of Ang-(1-7). Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is abundantly expressed in the heart and localized to the endothelial cells of coronary vessels and smooth muscle cells. Its catalytically active ectodomain undergoes shedding, resulting in ACE2 in the circulation. There are 10 studies to date that have measured circulating ACE2 activity in humans, including in healthy subjects and those with heart failure, Type 1 diabetes, implantable cardioverter/defibrillator, elderly subjects undergoing emergency orthopaedic surgery and kidney transplant patients. The results suggest that circulating ACE2 activity may be a marker of CVD, with low levels in healthy individuals and increased levels in those with cardiovascular risk factors or disease. Whether increased plasma ACE2 activity reflects increased synthesis from tissue ACE2 mRNA or increased shedding of tissue ACE2 remains to be determined. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is located on the X-chromosome and circulating ACE2 levels are higher in men than in women. Large clinical studies in CVD are needed to more precisely clarify the role of ACE2 as a biomarker of CVD, determine the prognostic significance of circulating ACE2 activity and assess whether the measurement of ACE2 will improve CVD risk prediction.en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.subject.otherangiotensin-converting enzyme 2en
dc.subject.othercardiovas-cular diseaseen
dc.subject.othercoronary artery diseaseen
dc.subject.otherheart failureen
dc.subject.otherrenin-angiotensin systemen
dc.subject.otherBiological Markersen
dc.subject.otherCardiovascular Diseases.genetics.metabolismen
dc.subject.otherGene Expression Regulation, Enzymologicen
dc.subject.otherHumansen
dc.subject.otherPeptidyl-Dipeptidase A.genetics.metabolismen
dc.subject.otherRenin-Angiotensin System.physiologyen
dc.subject.otherRisk Factorsen
dc.subject.otherSex Factorsen
dc.titleEmerging markers in cardiovascular disease: where does angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 fit in?en
dc.typeJournal Articleen
dc.identifier.journaltitleClinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiologyen
dc.identifier.affiliationDepartment of Medicine, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia toria, Australiaen
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/1440-1681.12069en
dc.description.pages551-9en
dc.relation.urlhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23432153en
dc.type.austinJournal Articleen
local.name.researcherBurrell, Louise M
item.grantfulltextnone-
item.openairetypeJournal Article-
item.languageiso639-1en-
item.fulltextNo Fulltext-
item.openairecristypehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_18cf-
item.cerifentitytypePublications-
crisitem.author.deptMedicine (University of Melbourne)-
crisitem.author.deptCardiology-
crisitem.author.deptGeneral Medicine-
crisitem.author.deptMedicine (University of Melbourne)-
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