Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/9371
Title: Concussion: the history of clinical and pathophysiological concepts and misconceptions.
Austin Authors: McCrory, Paul;Berkovic, Samuel F 
Affiliation: Brain Research Institute & Epilepsy Research Institute, University of Melbourne, Austin & Repatriation Medical Centre, Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia
Issue Date: 26-Dec-2001
Publication information: Neurology; 57(12): 2283-9
Abstract: Concussion is a well-recognized clinical entity; however, its pathophysiologic basis remains a mystery. One unresolved issue is whether concussion is associated with lesser degrees of diffuse structural change seen in severe traumatic brain injury, or is the mechanism entirely caused by reversible functional changes. This issue is clouded not only by the lack of critical data, but also by confusion in terminology, even in contemporary literature. This confusion began in ancient times when no distinction was made between the transient effects of concussion and severe traumatic brain injury. The first clear separate recognition of concussion was made by the Persian physician, Rhazes, in the 10th century. Lanfrancus subsequently expanded this concept as brain "commotion" in the 13th century, although other Renaissance physicians continued to obscure this concept. By the 18th century, a variety of hypotheses for concussion had emerged. The 19th century discovery of petechial hemorrhagic lesions in severe traumatic brain injury led to these being posited as the basis of concussion, and a similar logic was used later to suggest diffuse axonal injury was responsible. The neuropathology and pathophysiology of concussion has important implications in neurology, sports medicine, medicolegal medicine, and in the understanding of consciousness. Fresh approaches to these questions are needed and modern research tools, including functional imaging and experimental studies of ion-channel function, could help elucidate this puzzle that has evolved over the past 3,000 years.
Gov't Doc #: 11756611
URI: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/9371
Journal: Neurology
URL: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11756611
Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Brain Concussion.history.physiopathology
History, Ancient
History, Early Modern 1451-1600
History, Medieval
History, Modern 1601-
Humans
Appears in Collections:Journal articles

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