Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/17775
Title: The association of panic and hyperventilation with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Austin Authors: Indranada, Alaric M;Mullen, Saul A ;Duncan, Roderick;Berlowitz, David J ;Kanaan, Richard A A 
Affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
Institute for Breathing and Sleep, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Weston Education Centre, Denmark Hill, London, UK
Issue Date: 19-May-2018
Date: 2018-05-19
Publication information: Seizure 2018; 59: 108-115
Abstract: Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures (PNES) are events that appear epileptic but are instead thought to have a psychological origin. Increased rates of several psychiatric disorders have been reported in PNES, including anxiety and panic disorders. Some theories suggest panic and/or hyperventilation have aetiological roles in PNES, though these remain unproven. We conducted a systematic review of associations of panic and hyperventilation with PNES using Ovid Medline and PubMed, and a meta-analysis where appropriate. We found eighteen studies reporting rates of panic in PNES and eight studies reporting hyperventilation. The reported rate of panic attacks in PNES ranged from 17% to 83%, with physical symptoms more commonly reported, and affective symptoms less so. 'Dizziness or light-headedness' was found to be more prevalent than 'fear of dying' by random-effects meta-analysis (68% vs. 23%). A proportion meta-analysis found a weighted occurrence of 20% of panic disorder in PNES. A pooled meta-analytic rate of PNES events following voluntary hyperventilation induction was 30%, while the clinically observed rates of peri-ictal hyperventilation in PNES without induction varied from 15 to 46%. Previous studies have reported moderate rates of association of panic in PNES, though the proportions varied considerably across the literature, with physical symptoms more commonly reported than affective. Hyperventilation is an effective inducer of PNES events in a minority, and can be observed occurring in a minority of patients without induction. These results support an important, albeit not essential, role for panic and hyperventilation in the pathogenesis of PNES events.
URI: https://ahro.austin.org.au/austinjspui/handle/1/17775
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.05.007
ORCID: 0000-0003-0992-1917
0000-0003-2543-8722
Journal: Seizure
PubMed URL: 29787922
Type: Journal Article
Subjects: Hyperventilation
Panic
Panic attack
Panic disorder
Panic symptoms
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
Appears in Collections:Journal articles

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